Alpha-lipoic acid
Scientific names: Alpha Lipoic Acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-valeric acid, 6,8-thioctic acid, 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl) valeric acid, 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid
Alternate names: A-Lipoic Acid, Acetate Replacing Factor, Acide Alpha-Lipoïque, Acide Alpha-Lipoïque R, Acide DL-Alpha-Lipoïque, Acide Lipoïque, Acide Thioctique, Acido Alfa Lipoico, ALA, Biletan, DHLA, Dihydrolipoic acid, Extrait d'acide Alpha-Lipoïque, Lipoic Acid, Lipoicin, R-ALA, R-Alpha-Lipoic Acid, (R)-Dithiolane-3-Pentanoic Acid, (R)-Lipoic Acid, R-Lipoic Acid, RS-Alpha-Lipoic Acid, S-Alpha-Lipoic Acid, S-Lipoic Acid, Sodium-R-Lipoate, Thioctacid, Thioctan, Thioctic Acid
Actions: Anti-inflammatory, Antineoplastic, Antiobesity, Antioxidant, Antiviral, Cardiovascular, Chelating, Endocrine, Immunologic, Metabolic, Neurological, Osteoporosis, Vascular, Wound-healing
Background
Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant that is made naturally in the body and also found in foods. It is used to break down carbohydrates and to make energy.
Alpha-lipoic acid can be eaten in foods, such as red meat, carrots, beets, spinach, broccoli, and potatoes. It is also available in supplements. Because alpha-lipoic acid seems to work like an antioxidant, it might provide protection to the brain and also be helpful in certain liver diseases.
People most commonly use alpha-lipoic acid for nerve pain in people with diabetes. It is also used for obesity, altitude sickness, aging skin, high levels of cholesterol or other fats in the blood, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these other uses.
Alpha-lipoic acid can be eaten in foods, such as red meat, carrots, beets, spinach, broccoli, and potatoes. It is also available in supplements. Because alpha-lipoic acid seems to work like an antioxidant, it might provide protection to the brain and also be helpful in certain liver diseases.
People most commonly use alpha-lipoic acid for nerve pain in people with diabetes. It is also used for obesity, altitude sickness, aging skin, high levels of cholesterol or other fats in the blood, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these other uses.
Safety Safety definitions
When taken by mouth: Alpha-lipoic acid is possibly safe for most adults when taken for up to 4 years. It is usually well-tolerated. The most common side effects are headache, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.
When applied to the skin: Alpha-lipoic acid is possibly safe for most adults when used as a cream for up to 12 weeks. It might cause a rash in some people.
Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if alpha-lipoic acid is safe to use when breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Children: Alpha-lipoic acid is possibly safe in children aged 10-17 years when taken by mouth in doses up to 600 mg daily for 3 months. But it is possibly unsafe for children to take large amounts of alpha-lipoic acid by mouth. Seizures, vomiting, and unconsciousness have been reported for children aged 14 months to 16 years who took up to 2400 mg of alpha-lipoic acid as a single dose.
Surgery: Alpha-lipoic acid can decrease blood sugar levels. Alpha-lipoic acid might interfere with blood sugar control during and after surgery. Stop taking alpha-lipoic acid 2 weeks before elective surgical procedures.
Excessive use of alcohol/thiamine deficiency: Alcohol can lower the amount of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the body. Taking alpha-lipoic acid when there is a shortage of thiamine might cause serious health problems. If you drink a lot of alcohol and take alpha-lipoic acid, you should take a thiamine supplement.
When applied to the skin: Alpha-lipoic acid is possibly safe for most adults when used as a cream for up to 12 weeks. It might cause a rash in some people.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy: When taken by mouth, alpha-lipoic acid is possibly safe. It's been used safely during pregnancy in doses of up to 600 mg daily for up to 4 weeks.Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if alpha-lipoic acid is safe to use when breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Children: Alpha-lipoic acid is possibly safe in children aged 10-17 years when taken by mouth in doses up to 600 mg daily for 3 months. But it is possibly unsafe for children to take large amounts of alpha-lipoic acid by mouth. Seizures, vomiting, and unconsciousness have been reported for children aged 14 months to 16 years who took up to 2400 mg of alpha-lipoic acid as a single dose.
Surgery: Alpha-lipoic acid can decrease blood sugar levels. Alpha-lipoic acid might interfere with blood sugar control during and after surgery. Stop taking alpha-lipoic acid 2 weeks before elective surgical procedures.
Excessive use of alcohol/thiamine deficiency: Alcohol can lower the amount of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the body. Taking alpha-lipoic acid when there is a shortage of thiamine might cause serious health problems. If you drink a lot of alcohol and take alpha-lipoic acid, you should take a thiamine supplement.
Effectiveness
Natural Medicines rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.
Possibly effective Effectiveness definitions
- Nerve pain in people with diabetes (diabetic neuropathy). Taking 600-1800 mg of alpha-lipoic acid by mouth or by IV seems to improve symptoms such as burning, pain, and numbness in the legs and arms of people with diabetes. Lower doses of alpha-lipoic acid don't seem to work. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
- High levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood (hyperlipidemia). Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth for up to 4 years seems to lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol in people with or without hyperlipidemia.
- Obesity. Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth can slightly reduce body weight in adults who are overweight.
Possibly ineffective Effectiveness definitions
- Liver disease in people who drink alcohol. Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth daily for up to 6 months does not improve liver function or reduce liver damage in people with alcohol-related liver disease.
- Altitude sickness. Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth along with vitamin C and vitamin E does not seem to prevent altitude sickness.
- Kidney damage caused by contrast dyes (contrast induced nephropathy). Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth with or without standard hydration therapy during a coronary angiography doesn't seem to prevent kidney damage caused by contrast agents.
- Diabetes. Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth or by IV does not improve blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.
- Vision problems in people with diabetes (diabetic retinopathy). Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth daily for 24 months doesn't improve eye damage from diabetes.
- Dementia in people with advanced HIV/AIDS. Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth has no effect on thinking problems in people with HIV.
- High levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood (hypertriglyceridemia). Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth doesn't seem to reduce triglyceride levels in most people.
Dosing & administration
Alpha-lipoic acid has most often been used by adults in doses of 600-1800 mg by mouth daily for up to 6 months. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.
Interactions with pharmaceuticals
Medications for cancer (Alkylating Agents)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant. There is some concern that antioxidants might decrease the effects of some medications used for cancer. If you are taking medications for cancer, check with your healthcare provider before taking alpha-lipoic acid.
Medications for cancer (Antitumor antibiotics)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant. There is some concern that antioxidants might decrease the effects of medications used for cancer. If you are taking medications for cancer, check with your healthcare provider before taking alpha-lipoic acid.
Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)
Interaction Rating=Minor Be watchful with this combination.
Alpha-lipoic acid might lower blood sugar levels. Taking alpha-lipoic acid along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.
Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Alpha-lipoic acid might slow blood clotting. Taking alpha-lipoic acid along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Thyroid hormone
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Alpha-lipoic acid seems to decrease how well thyroid hormone works in the body. Taking alpha-lipoic acid with thyroid hormone might decrease the effects of the thyroid hormone.
Interactions with herbs & supplements
Herbs and supplements that might lower blood sugar: Alpha-lipoic acid might lower blood sugar. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might lower blood sugar too much. Examples of supplements with this effect include aloe, bitter melon, cassia cinnamon, chromium, and prickly pear cactus.
Herbs and supplements that might slow blood clotting: Alpha-lipoic acid might slow blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might increase the risk of bleeding in some people. Examples of supplements with this effect include garlic, ginger, ginkgo, nattokinase, and Panax ginseng.
Herbs with thyroid activity: Alpha lipoic acid might affect the body's production of thyroid hormone. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might alter thyroid function too much and cause side effects. Examples of supplements with this effect include bugleweed, lemon balm, and tiratricol.
Herbs and supplements that might slow blood clotting: Alpha-lipoic acid might slow blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might increase the risk of bleeding in some people. Examples of supplements with this effect include garlic, ginger, ginkgo, nattokinase, and Panax ginseng.
Herbs with thyroid activity: Alpha lipoic acid might affect the body's production of thyroid hormone. Taking it with other supplements with similar effects might alter thyroid function too much and cause side effects. Examples of supplements with this effect include bugleweed, lemon balm, and tiratricol.
Interactions with foods
There are no known interactions with foods.
Products
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Per capsule:
- Alpha lipoic acid 200 mg
- Gymnema sylvestre ext. 100 mg
- Cinnamomum cassia ext. 66.67 mg
- Trigonella foenum-graecum ext. 4 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 35 mg
- Chromium chloride hexahydrate 256.3 µg equiv. chromium 50 µg
- Chromium picolinate 133.5 µg equiv. chromium 16.6 µg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 8.3 µg equiv. vitamin D 333 IU
- Zinc amino acid chelate 50 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
Per 6 g:
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid 200 mg
- L-arginine 3 g
- Citrulline 1 g
- Citric acid anhydrous 880 mg
- Carnitine tartrate 500 mg
- Natural pineapple flavour 150 mg
- Natural orange flavour 120 mg
- Silicon dioxide 90 mg
- Thaumatin 60 mg
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid 100 mg
- Potassium iodide 294 μg equiv. iodine 225 μg
- Iron bisglycinate 18.5 mg equiv. iron 5 mg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 400 μg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 100 mg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 20 μg
- Choline bitartrate 486 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 56 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 50 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 75 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 50 mg equiv. manganese 5 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 78.35 mg equiv. zinc 25 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 61 mg equiv. pyridoxine 50 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) 15.4 mg equiv. pyridoxine 10 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 100 mg
- Selenomethionine 186 μg equiv. selenium 75 μg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 55 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 50 mg
- Chromium nicotinate 500 μg equiv. chromium 50 μg
- Sodium molybdate dihydrate 126 μg equiv. molybdenum 50 μg
- Biotin 100 μg
- Cholecalciferol 25 μg equiv. vitamin D3 1000 IU
- Beta-carotene (Carotenoids) 3 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 200 mg
- Inositol 100 mg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 540 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 500 μg
Per 10 g:
- R-alpha lipoic acid 67 mg
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) 1 g
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder 333 mg
- Wheatgrass powder 333 mg
- Hordeum vulgare 200 mg
- Malus (Apple) 200 mg
- Brassica oleracea (leaf & sprout) powder (Kale) 100 mg
- Ananas comosus (Pineapple) 240 mg
- Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) 67 mg
- Beta glucan 50 mg
- Resveratrol 10 mg
- Inulin (Dietary fibre) 800 mg
- Ananas comosus (Bromelain) 65 mg
- Linum usitatissimum (seed) (Flaxseed) 400 mg
- Oryza sativa (Rice bran) 500 mg
- Pea protein isolate 1 g
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 400 µg
- Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3) 18 mg
- Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) 5.3 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 567 µg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 434 µg
- Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) 1.7 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 0.8 µg
- Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D) 3.8 µg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 333 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate (Vitamin E) 100 mg
- Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium bifidum 3 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium lactis 5 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium longum 1 billion CFU
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 8 mg
- Copper gluconate 225 µg
- Potassium phosphate - dibasic 104 mg
- Folic acid 67 µg
- Biotin 10 µg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 14 mg
- Magnesium citrate 42 mg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 10 mg
- Chromium picolinate 10 µg
- Calcium citrate 132 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 1.4 mg
- Selenomethionine (Selenium) 30 µg
- Beta-carotene (Carotenoids) 2 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids (Hesperidin) 500 mg
- Citric acid anhydrous 150 mg
- Rosmarinus officinalis powder 68 mg
- Taraxacum officinale ext. 33 mg
- Vaccinium myrtillus powder 200 mg
- Glycyrrhiza glabra powder 67 mg
- Crataegus monogyna ext. 29 mg
- Astragalus membranaceus ext. 67 mg
- Vitis vinifera ext. 67 mg
- Camellia sinensis ext. 67 mg
- Ganoderma lucidum powder 21 mg
- Lentinula edodes powder 21 mg
- Cynara scolymus powder 500 mg
- Aloe barbadensis ext. 500 mg
- Zingiber officinale powder 67 mg
- Eleutherococcus senticosus ext. 1 g
- Centella asiatica ext. 67 mg
- Withania somnifera ext. 67 mg
- Silybum marianum ext. 67 mg
- Arctium lappa ext. 21 mg
- Rosa canina powder 168 mg
- Lycium barbarum (fruit) (Goji) 33 mg
- Beta vulgaris (root) powder (Beetroot) 167 mg
- Daucus carota powder (Carrot) 83 mg
- Carica papaya (Papain) 250 mg
- Lecithin 725 mg
- Laminaria digitara (Kelp) 8 mg
- Natural vanilla flavour
- Natural pineapple flavour
- Thaumatin
- Stevia rebaubiana
- Luo Han Guo (fruit) ext. (Monk fruit)
- Xanthan gum
- Brassica oleracea var. italica powder 150 mg
- Malpighia glabra ext. 267 mg
- Theobroma cacao powder 100 mg
Per tablet:
- Alpha lipoic acid 30 mg
- Tribulus terrestris ext. 20 mg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 61.7 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 50 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 75 mg
- Calcium pantothenate 81.9 mg equiv. calcium 6.9 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 75 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 60.8 mg equiv. pyridoxine 50 mg
- Folic acid 100 μg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 124 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 100 μg
- Mecobalamin (Vitamin B12) 100 μg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 100 mg
- Cholecalciferol 25 μg equiv. vitamin D3 1000 IU
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 10.5 mg equiv. vitamin E 12.7 IU
- Biotin 250 μg
- Inositol 50 mg
- Lycopene 1 mg
- Calcium citrate tetrahydrate 99.53 mg equiv. calcium 21 mg
- Chromium picolinate 199.5 μg equiv. chromium 24.8 μg
- Copper gluconate 7.14 mg equiv. copper 1 mg
- Iron amino acid chelate 30 mg equiv. iron 3 mg
- Magnesium citrate 154.7 mg equiv. magnesium 25 mg
- Manganese sulphate monohydrate 1.54 mg equiv. manganese 500 μg
- Potassium phosphate - monobasic 24.5 mg equiv. potassium 7 mg
- Potassium iodide 50 μg equiv. iodine 38 μg
- Selenomethionine 186.3 μg equiv. selenium 75 μg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 50 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
- Tribulus terrestris ext. 20 mg
- Eleutherococcus senticosus ext. 133.3 mg
- Turnera diffusa ext. 50 mg
- Withania somnifera ext. 20 mg
Per tablet:
- Alpha lipoic acid 25 mg
- Calcium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 60.49 mg
- Cholecalciferol 12.5 µg equiv. vitamin D3 500 IU
- d-alpha-Tocopherol 10 mg equiv. vitamin E 15 IU
- Methylcobalamin (Activated B12) 200 µg
- Zinc citrate 21.96 mg equiv. zinc 7.5 mg
- Beta-carotene (Carotenoids) 3 mg
- Magnesium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 38.92 mg
- Phyllanthus emblica ext. 9.35 mg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 40 µg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 6.35 mg equiv. thiamine 5 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 1.71 mg equiv. riboflavin 1.25 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 12.5 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 5.46 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 5 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) 2.03 mg equiv. pyridoxine 1.25 mg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 463 µg equiv. levomefolic acid 250 µg
- Calcified lithothamnion (Red algae) 63.04 mg equiv. calcium 18.91 mg
- Calcium ascorbate (Vitamin C)
- Magnesium 12.5 mg
- Chromium picolinate 201.13 µg equiv. chromium 25 µg
- Copper sulphate 200 µg
- Manganese gluconate 10.97 mg equiv. manganese 1.25 mg
- Selenomethionine 124.18 µg equiv. selenium 50 µg
- Borax 6.58 mg equiv. boron 750 µg
- Ascophyllum nodosum 18.75 mg
- Lutein 1 mg
- Lycopene 1 mg
- Silybum marianum ext. 5 mg
- Vaccinium macrocarpon ext. 0.25 mg
- Camellia sinensis ext. 5 mg
- Schisandra chinensis ext. 5 mg
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) 5 mg
- Euterpe oleracea (berry) ext. (Acai) 5 mg
- Chlorella vulgaris 5 mg
- Curcumin (Turmeric) 500 μg
- Zingiber officinale ext. 5 mg
- Phyllanthus emblica ext. 10 mg
- Laminaria digitara (Kelp) 5 mg
- Ultra fruit blend 25 mg
- Cruciferous vegetable blend 25 mg
- Live vegetable blend 22.5 mg
- Multi herb blend 12.5 mg
- Citrus sinensis ext. 5 mg
Per 15 g (Wild Strawberry):
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid 20 mg
- Lactobacillus acidophilus 1.5 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium lactis 1.5 billion CFU
- Pea protein isolate 9.3 g
- Marine algae 500 mg
- Linum usitatissimum (seed) (Flaxseed) 250 mg
- Sunflower lecithin 200 mg
- Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) 100 mg
- Daucus carota powder (Carrot) 100 mg
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) 100 mg
- Wheatgrass powder 100 mg
- Zingiber officinale powder 40 mg
- Ribes nigrum powder 200 mg
- Vitis vinifera powder 200 mg
- Malpighia glabra powder 100 mg
- Lycium chinese powder 100 mg
- Vaccinium myrtillus powder 100 mg
- Bacopa monnieri powder 50 mg
- Taraxacum officinale powder 30 mg
- Apple pectin 200 mg
- Plantago ovata (husk) (Psyllium) 100 mg
- Citric acid anhydrous 150 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 70 mg
- Ananas comosus (Bromelain) 30 mg
- Beta glucan 8 mg
- Dunaliella salina 8 mg
- Lutein 2 mg
- Zeaxanthin (Carotenoids) 400 µg
- Potassium phosphate
- Magnesium
- Calcium citrate
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
- Zinc gluconate
- d-alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
- Thaumatin
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3)
- Manganese gluconate
- D-calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5)
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed (Vitamin E)
- Selenomethionine (Selenium)
- Retinyl palmitate (Vitamin A)
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)
- Folate
- Chromium picolinate
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Fucus vesiculosus powder 98 mg
- Stevia rebaubiana powder
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1)
- Copper
- Calendula officinalis powder
- Biotin
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Brassica oleracea var. acephala powder 100 mg
- Carica papaya 50 mg
- Hordeum vulgare 100 mg
- Beta vulgaris (root) powder (Beetroot) 1 g
- Malus (fibre) powder (Apple) 949 mg
- Natural strawberry flavour
Per capsule:
- Alpha lipoic acid 10 mg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 180.5 µg equiv. levomefolic acid 166.6 µg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 83.4 µg
- Mecobalamin (Vitamin B12) 83.4 µg
- Beta-carotene (Carotenoids) 500 µg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 14.7 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 11.4 mg equiv. riboflavin 8.3 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 10 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 43.5 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 39.8 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 8 mg equiv. pyridoxine 5.1 mg
- Biotin 100 µg
- Choline bitartrate 66.7 mg
- Inositol 8.3 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 66.7 mg
- Cholecalciferol 8.325 µg equiv. vitamin D3 333 IU
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 55.1 mg equiv. vitamin E 66.7 IU
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 20 µg
- Calcium citrate tetrahydrate 158.1 mg equiv. calcium 33.3 mg
- Chromium picolinate 119 µg equiv. chromium 14.8 µg
- Magnesium citrate 102.9 mg equiv. magnesium 16.7 mg
- Manganese bisglycinate 6.16 mg equiv. manganese 1.7 mg
- Sodium molybdate dihydrate 65.8 µg equiv. molybdenum 26 µg
- Potassium iodide 87.1 µg equiv. iodine 66.6 µg
- Selenomethionine 124 µg equiv. selenium 50 µg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 25.96 mg equiv. zinc 8.3 mg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 16.7 mg
Per serve:
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid
- Pea protein isolate
- Malus (Apple)
- Apple pectin
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina)
- Linum usitatissimum (seed) (Flaxseed)
- Sunflower lecithin
- Marine algae
- Wheatgrass powder
- Beta vulgaris (root) powder (Beetroot)
- Brassica oleracea (Broccoli)
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder
- Spinacia oleracea (Spinach)
- Daucus carota powder (Carrot)
- Zingiber officinale
- Glycyrrhiza glabra (root)
- Cynara scolymus
- Ribes nigrum
- Vitis vinifera
- Malpighia glabra
- Vaccinium myrtillus
- Camellia sinensis
- Rosa canina
- Curcuma longa
- Centella asiatica
- Silybum marianum
- Rhodiola rosea
- Rosmarinus officinalis
- Withania somnifera
- Resveratrol
- Taraxacum officinale
- Lycium chinese (berry)
- Crataegus laevigata
- Citric acid anhydrous
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract
- Ananas comosus (Bromelain)
- Beta glucan
- Ubiquinol-10 (Coenzyme Q10)
- Dunaliella salina
- Lactobacillus acidophilus
- Bifidobacterium bifidum
- Potassium phosphate - dibasic
- Magnesium
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
- Natural vanilla flavour
- Natural pineapple flavour
- Zinc gluconate
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed (Vitamin E)
- Selenomethionine (Selenium)
- D-calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5)
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3)
- Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3)
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)
- Retinyl palmitate (Vitamin A)
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Copper sulphate pentahydrate
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Folate
- Chromium picolinate
- Panax ginseng
- Fucus vesiculosus
- Stevia rebaubiana (leaf)
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1)
- Biotin
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Lentinula edodes (fruiting body)
- Ulmus rubra (bark inner) powder
- Carica papaya
- Hordeum vulgare
- Plantago ovata (husk) (Psyllium)
- Theobroma cacao
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate (Vitamin E)
- Astragalus membranaceus
- Manganese gluconate
- Aloe barbadensis
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2)
Per bar:
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid
- Pea protein isolate
- Apricot
- Phoenix dactylifera (Date)
- Malus (Apple)
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina)
- Potassium phosphate - dibasic
- Linum usitatissimum (seed) (Flaxseed)
- Magnesium gluconate
- Sunflower lecithin
- Natural vanilla flavour
- Marine algae
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
- Natural pineapple flavour
- Wheatgrass powder
- Hordeum vulgare (leaf) powder (Barley)
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract
- Apple pectin
- Citric acid anhydrous
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder
- Brassica oleracea var. acephala (sprout) powder (Broccoli)
- Beta vulgaris
- Plantago ovata (husk) (Psyllium)
- Spinacia oleracea (Spinach)
- Carica papaya
- Daucus carota powder (Carrot)
- Zingiber officinale
- Glycyrrhiza glabra (root)
- Lentinula edodes (mushroom)
- Ananas comosus (Bromelain)
- Resveratrol
- Curcuma longa ext.
- Rosa canina ext.
- Laminaria digitara (Kelp)
- Zinc gluconate
- Beta glucan
- Cynara scolymus ext.
- Ulmus rubra
- Stevia rebaubiana (Steviol glycosides)
- Lactobacillus acidophilus
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate (Vitamin E)
- Ubiquinol-10 (Coenzyme Q10)
- Astragalus membranaceus ext.
- Camellia sinensis ext.
- Manganese gluconate
- Withania somnifera ext.
- Bifidobacterium bifidum
- Selenomethionine (Selenium)
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed
- Lycium chinese (berry) ext.
- Taraxacum officinale ext.
- D-calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5)
- Panax ginseng ext.
- Rosmarinus officinalis ext.
- Centella asiatica ext.
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3)
- Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3)
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)
- Retinol palmitate
- Cholecalciferol
- Dunaliella salina cell powder (Green micro-algae)
- Rhodiola rosea ext.
- Aloe barbadensis ext.
- Crataegus monogyna ext.
- Copper gluconate
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Vitis vinifera ext.
- Vaccinium myrtillus ext.
- Ribes nigrum ext.
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2)
- Silybum marianum ext.
- Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1)
- Calcium L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (Methyl folate)
- Chromium picolinate
- Biotin
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Coconut sugar
- Anacardium occidentale (Cashew nut)
- Sunflower seed
- Prunus dulcis (Almond)
- Chia (seed)
- Theobroma cacao ext.
- Malpighia glabra ext.
Per 3.5 g (Pineapple):
- Alpha lipoic acid 400 mg
- Allium sativum ext. 400 mg
- Glutathione 250 mg
- Yeast 116.65 mg equiv. selenium 140 µg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 1 g
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 712 µg equiv. levomefolic acid 400 µg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 62.60 mg equiv. zinc 20 mg
- Manganese sulphate monohydrate 2.46 mg equiv. manganese 800 µg
Per capsule:
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