Vitamin c
Scientific names: Ascorbic acid
Alternate names: Acide Ascorbique, Acide Cévitamique, Acide Iso-Ascorbique, Acide L-Ascorbique, Acido Ascorbico, Antiscorbutic Vitamin, Ascorbate, Ascorbate de Calcium, Ascorbate de Sodium, Ascorbic Acid, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Ascorbyl Phosphate, Calcium Ascorbate, Cetyl Ascorbate, Cevitamic Acid, Chromium Ascorbate, Copper Ascorbate, Ferrous Ascorbate, Iron Ascorbate, Iso-Ascorbic Acid, L-Ascorbic Acid, Magnesium Ascorbate, Niacin Ascorbate, Niacinamide Ascorbate, Nicotinamide Ascorbate, Palmitate d'Ascorbyl, Phosphate Ascorbate, Potassium Ascorbate, Selenium Ascorbate, Sodium Ascorbate, Strontium Ascorbate, Vitamina C, Vitamine Antiscorbutique, Vitamine C, Zinc Ascorbate
Actions: Antiallergic, Antihypertensive, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Cardiovascular, Chemotherapy-modulating, Dermatologic, Exercise-related, Immunostimulant, Radiotherapy toxicity-reducing effect, Uricosuric effect
Background
Vitamin C is an essential vitamin that must be consumed in the diet. Good sources include fresh fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits.
Vitamin C is needed for the body to develop and function properly. It plays an important role in immune function. Most experts recommend getting vitamin C from the diet rather than taking supplements. Fresh oranges and fresh-squeezed orange juice are good sources.
Historically, vitamin C was used for preventing and treating scurvy. Today, people most commonly use vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. It's also used for autism, breast cancer, heart disease and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses. There is also no good evidence to support using vitamin C for COVID-19.
Vitamin C is needed for the body to develop and function properly. It plays an important role in immune function. Most experts recommend getting vitamin C from the diet rather than taking supplements. Fresh oranges and fresh-squeezed orange juice are good sources.
Historically, vitamin C was used for preventing and treating scurvy. Today, people most commonly use vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. It's also used for autism, breast cancer, heart disease and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses. There is also no good evidence to support using vitamin C for COVID-19.
Safety Safety definitions
When taken by mouth: Vitamin C is likely safe for most people. In some people, vitamin C might cause side effects such as stomach cramps, nausea, heartburn, and headache. The chance of getting these side effects increases with higher doses. Taking more than 2000 mg daily is possibly unsafe and may cause kidney stones and severe diarrhea. In people who have had a kidney stone, taking amounts greater than 1000 mg daily increases the risk of getting more kidney stones.
When applied to the skin: Vitamin C is likely safe for most people. It might cause irritation and tingling.
Infants and children: Vitamin C is likely safe when taken by mouth appropriately. Vitamin C is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth in amounts higher than 400 mg daily for children 1-3 years, 650 mg daily for children 4-8 years, 1200 mg daily for children 9-13 years, and 1800 mg daily for adolescents 14-18 years.
Alcohol use disorder: People who regularly use alcohol, especially those who have other illnesses, often have vitamin C deficiency. These people might need to be treated for a longer time than normal to restore vitamin C levels to normal.
Cancer: Cancerous cells collect high concentrations of vitamin C. Until more is known, only use high doses of vitamin C under the direction of your oncologist.
Chronic kidney disease: Long-term kidney disease might increase the risk of vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C supplements might also increase the amount of oxalate in the urine in some people. Too much oxalate in the urine can increase the risk of kidney failure in people with kidney disease.
A metabolic deficiency called "glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase" (G6PD) deficiency: Large amounts of vitamin C can cause red blood cells to break in people with this condition. Avoid excessive amounts of vitamin C.
Kidney stones: Large amounts of vitamin C can increase the chance of getting kidney stones. Do not take vitamin C in amounts greater than those found in basic multivitamins.
Smoking and chewing tobacco: Smoking and chewing tobacco lowers vitamin C levels. People who smoke or chew tobacco should consume more vitamin C in the diet.
When applied to the skin: Vitamin C is likely safe for most people. It might cause irritation and tingling.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Vitamin C is likely safe to take by mouth during pregnancy in amounts no greater than 2000 mg daily for those 19 years and older and 1800 mg daily for those 14-18 years old. Taking too much vitamin C during pregnancy can cause problems for the newborn baby. Vitamin C is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth in excessive amounts.Infants and children: Vitamin C is likely safe when taken by mouth appropriately. Vitamin C is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth in amounts higher than 400 mg daily for children 1-3 years, 650 mg daily for children 4-8 years, 1200 mg daily for children 9-13 years, and 1800 mg daily for adolescents 14-18 years.
Alcohol use disorder: People who regularly use alcohol, especially those who have other illnesses, often have vitamin C deficiency. These people might need to be treated for a longer time than normal to restore vitamin C levels to normal.
Cancer: Cancerous cells collect high concentrations of vitamin C. Until more is known, only use high doses of vitamin C under the direction of your oncologist.
Chronic kidney disease: Long-term kidney disease might increase the risk of vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C supplements might also increase the amount of oxalate in the urine in some people. Too much oxalate in the urine can increase the risk of kidney failure in people with kidney disease.
A metabolic deficiency called "glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase" (G6PD) deficiency: Large amounts of vitamin C can cause red blood cells to break in people with this condition. Avoid excessive amounts of vitamin C.
Kidney stones: Large amounts of vitamin C can increase the chance of getting kidney stones. Do not take vitamin C in amounts greater than those found in basic multivitamins.
Smoking and chewing tobacco: Smoking and chewing tobacco lowers vitamin C levels. People who smoke or chew tobacco should consume more vitamin C in the diet.
Effectiveness
NatMed Pro rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.
Effective Effectiveness definitions
- Vitamin C deficiency. Taking vitamin C by mouth or injecting it as a shot prevents and treats vitamin C deficiency, including scurvy. Also, taking vitamin C can reverse problems associated with scurvy. Only a healthcare provider can inject vitamin C as a shot.
Possibly effective Effectiveness definitions
- Low levels of red blood cells in people with a long-term illness (anemia of chronic disease). Taking vitamin C supplements by mouth might help manage anemia in people undergoing dialysis.
- Irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation). Taking vitamin C by mouth or by IV before and after heart surgery helps prevent irregular heartbeat after heart surgery. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
- Emptying the colon before a colonoscopy. A specific fluid containing vitamin C (MoviPrep, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) has been approved by the FDA for bowel preparation before a colonoscopy. Some bowel preparations involve drinking 4 liters of medicated fluid. If vitamin C is included in the fluid, only 2 liters are needed.
- Cataracts. Eating more vitamin C or taking vitamin C supplements by mouth might prevent cataracts. But it's not clear if taking vitamin C supplements by mouth helps people who already have cataracts.
- Common cold. Taking 1-3 grams of vitamin C by mouth might shorten the course of a cold by 1 to 1.5 days. But taking vitamin C does not appear to prevent colds.
- Limb pain that usually occurs after an injury (complex regional pain syndrome). Taking vitamin C by mouth after surgery or injury seems to prevent complex regional pain syndrome from developing.
- Recovery from laser skin therapy. Applying a skin cream containing vitamin C might decrease skin redness after laser skin therapy for scar and wrinkle removal.
- Airway infections caused by exercise. Taking vitamin C by mouth before heavy physical exercise, such as a marathon or army training, might prevent upper airway infections that can occur after heavy exercise.
- High cholesterol. Taking vitamin C by mouth might reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol in people with high cholesterol.
- High blood pressure. Taking vitamin C by mouth might help lower systolic blood pressure (the top number in a blood pressure reading) by a small amount. But it does not seem to lower diastolic pressure (the bottom number).
- Lead poisoning. Consuming vitamin C in the diet seems to lower blood levels of lead.
- Reduced benefit of nitrate therapy that happens when nitrates are used all day (nitrate tolerance). Taking vitamin C by mouth seems to help drugs for chest pain, such as nitroglycerin, to work longer.
- Pain after surgery. Taking vitamin C by mouth or by IV might reduce pain during the first 24 hours after surgery. But it's unclear if taking vitamin C by mouth can reduce pain during the first 6 weeks after surgery. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
- Wrinkled skin. Applying skin creams containing vitamin C seems to improve the appearance of wrinkled skin. Apply a vitamin C patch also seems to help reduce wrinkles.
Likely ineffective Effectiveness definitions
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Taking high-dose vitamin C by mouth does not seem to speed up recovery from COVID-19 in people who aren't in the hospital. Giving vitamin C by mouth or IV to people who are in the hospital with severe COVID-19 might have some benefit, but more studies are needed to say for sure.
- Blood infection (sepsis). Giving vitamin C by IV with or without thiamine and/or a steroid does not reduce the risk of dying, organ damage, hospitalization duration, or the need for supportive treatment in people with sepsis.
Possibly ineffective Effectiveness definitions
- Short-term swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs (acute bronchitis). Taking vitamin C by mouth does not seem to have any effect on bronchitis.
- Asthma. Taking vitamin C by mouth doesn't seem to prevent asthma or improve symptoms in people who already have asthma.
- Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Taking vitamin C by mouth does not seem to prevent atherosclerosis from becoming worse in most people with this condition.
- Bladder cancer. Taking vitamin C by mouth does not seem to prevent bladder cancer or reduce bladder cancer-related deaths.
- Heart disease. Taking vitamin C by mouth does not prevent heart disease or reduce death due to heart disease.
- Colon cancer, rectal cancer. Taking vitamin C by mouth does not seem to prevent cancer in the colon or rectum.
- Death of an unborn or premature baby. Taking vitamin C by mouth, alone or with other supplements, during pregnancy doesn't prevent death of an unborn or premature baby.
- Fractures. Taking vitamin C by mouth does not seem to improve function, symptoms, or healing rates in people with a wrist fracture.
- A digestive tract infection that can lead to ulcers (Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori). Taking vitamin C by mouth along with medicines used to treat H. pylori infection doesn't seem to get rid of H. pylori faster than taking the medicines alone.
- A group of inherited disorders that leads to muscle weakness and numbness in the arms and legs. Taking vitamin C by mouth for one or two years does not seem to prevent nerve damage in people with these disorders.
- Eye damage in people taking drugs called interferons (interferon-related retinopathy). Taking vitamin C by mouth does not seem to prevent eye damage in people receiving interferon therapy for liver disease.
- Cancer of the white blood cells (leukemia). Taking vitamin C by mouth doesn't seem to prevent leukemia or death due to leukemia.
- Lung cancer. Taking vitamin C by mouth, alone or with vitamin E, doesn't seem to prevent lung cancer or death due to lung cancer.
- The most serious type of skin cancer (melanoma). Taking vitamin C by mouth, alone or with vitamin E, doesn't prevent melanoma or death due to melanoma.
- Miscarriage. Taking vitamin C by mouth, alone or with other supplements, during pregnancy does not prevent miscarriage.
- Death from any cause. Taking vitamin C by mouth along with other antioxidants does not seem to prevent death.
- Pancreatic cancer. Taking vitamin C by mouth together with beta-carotene plus vitamin E does not seem to prevent pancreatic cancer.
- A pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure and protein in the urine (pre-eclampsia). Taking vitamin C by mouth with vitamin E during pregnancy does not prevent high blood pressure and protein in the urine during pregnancy.
- Preterm birth. Taking vitamin C by mouth, alone or with other supplements, during pregnancy does not prevent preterm birth.
- Prostate cancer. Taking vitamin C by mouth does not seem to prevent prostate cancer.
- Skin damage caused by radiation therapy (radiation dermatitis). Applying a vitamin C solution to the skin does not prevent skin problems caused by radiation treatments.
- Infants with birth weight below the 10th percentile. Taking vitamin C by mouth, alone or with other supplements, during pregnancy does not reduce the chance of giving birth to an infant with a low birth weight.
- Stillbirth. Taking vitamin C by mouth, alone or with other supplements, during pregnancy does not reduce the chance of having a stillbirth.
Dosing & administration
Vitamin C is an important nutrient. Fresh fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits, are good sources of vitamin C. The amount that should be consumed on a daily basis is called the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). For males 19 years and older, the RDA is 90 mg daily. For females 19 years and older, the RDA is 75 mg daily. While pregnant, the RDA is 85 mg daily for those 19-50 years of age and 80 mg daily for those 14-18 years of age. While breastfeeding, the RDA is 120 mg daily for people 19-50 years old and 115 mg daily for those 14-18 years of age. In children, the RDA depends on age.
Vitamin C is also available in supplements, combination products, liquids, lotions, creams, serums, sprays, and patches. Supplements have been used safely by adults in doses up to 2000 mg daily. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition.
Vitamin C is also available in supplements, combination products, liquids, lotions, creams, serums, sprays, and patches. Supplements have been used safely by adults in doses up to 2000 mg daily. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition.
Interactions with pharmaceuticals
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others)
Interaction Rating=Minor Be watchful with this combination.
The body breaks down acetaminophen to get rid of it. Large amounts of vitamin C can decrease how quickly the body breaks down acetaminophen. It is not clear if this interaction is a big concern.
Aluminum
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Aluminum is found in most antacids. Vitamin C can increase how much aluminum the body absorbs. However, it is not clear if this interaction is a big concern. Take vitamin C two hours before or four hours after antacids.
Aspirin
Interaction Rating=Minor Be watchful with this combination.
Aspirin is removed by the body through the kidneys and in the urine. Vitamin C might decrease how the body removes aspirin and could potentially increase the amount of aspirin in the body. But it's not clear if this is a big concern.
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)
Interaction Rating=Minor Be watchful with this combination.
Vitamin C might decrease how quickly the body gets rid of choline magnesium trisalicylate. It is not clear if this interaction is a big concern.
Estrogens
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Vitamin C might decrease how quickly the body gets rid of estrogens. Taking vitamin C along with estrogens might increase the effects and side effects of estrogens.
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Large amounts of vitamin C might decrease how much fluphenazine is in the body. Taking vitamin C along with fluphenazine might decrease the effectiveness of fluphenazine.
Indinavir (Crixivan)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Taking large amounts of vitamin C along with indinavir might decrease how much indinavir stays in the body. It's not clear if this interaction is a big concern.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, others)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Taking vitamin C along with levothyroxine might increase how much levothyroxine the body absorbs. This can increase the amount of levothyroxine in the body and increase its effects and side effects.
Medications for cancer (Alkylating agents)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Vitamin C is an antioxidant. There is some concern that antioxidants might decrease the effects of some medications used for cancer. If you are taking medications for cancer, check with your healthcare provider before taking vitamin C.
Medications for cancer (Antitumor antibiotics)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Vitamin C is an antioxidant. There is some concern that antioxidants might decrease the effects of medications used for cancer. If you are taking medications for cancer, check with your healthcare provider before taking vitamin C.
Niacin
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Taking niacin with vitamin C and other antioxidants can decrease the effects of niacin on good cholesterol levels. It is unknown if vitamin C alone decreases the effects of niacin on good cholesterol levels.
Salsalate (Disalcid)
Interaction Rating=Minor Be watchful with this combination.
Vitamin C might decrease how quickly the body gets rid of salsalate. Taking vitamin C along with salsalate might cause too much salsalate in the body, and increase the effects and side effects of salsalate.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Warfarin is used to slow blood clotting. Large amounts of vitamin C might decrease the effects of warfarin. Decreasing the effects of warfarin might increase the risk of clotting. Be sure to have your blood checked regularly. The dose of your warfarin might need to be changed.
Interactions with herbs & supplements
Acerola: Acerola contains high levels of vitamin C. Don't take large amounts of acerola along with vitamin C. This might give you too much vitamin C. Adults should not take more than 2000 mg vitamin C per day.
Chromium: Vitamin C might increase chromium absorption. Don't take large doses of chromium and vitamin C together. It isn't known whether separating the doses by several hours avoids this interaction.
Copper: High doses of vitamin C (1500 mg daily) can decrease copper levels in the blood. This interaction probably isn't important except in people whose dietary intake of copper is low.
Grape: Taking vitamin C with grape seed might increase blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. It's not clear why this happens.
Iron: Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron when taken at the same time. But taking a vitamin C supplement to improve absorption of iron from the diet or from supplements probably isn't necessary for most people.
Rose hip: Rose hip contains high levels of vitamin C. Don't take large amounts of rose hip along with vitamin C. This might give you too much vitamin C. Adults should not take more than 2000 mg vitamin C per day.
Vitamin B12: There have been concerns that vitamin C can lower vitamin B12 levels in the body. But vitamin C supplements don't seem to affect levels of vitamin B12.
Chromium: Vitamin C might increase chromium absorption. Don't take large doses of chromium and vitamin C together. It isn't known whether separating the doses by several hours avoids this interaction.
Copper: High doses of vitamin C (1500 mg daily) can decrease copper levels in the blood. This interaction probably isn't important except in people whose dietary intake of copper is low.
Grape: Taking vitamin C with grape seed might increase blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. It's not clear why this happens.
Iron: Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron when taken at the same time. But taking a vitamin C supplement to improve absorption of iron from the diet or from supplements probably isn't necessary for most people.
Rose hip: Rose hip contains high levels of vitamin C. Don't take large amounts of rose hip along with vitamin C. This might give you too much vitamin C. Adults should not take more than 2000 mg vitamin C per day.
Vitamin B12: There have been concerns that vitamin C can lower vitamin B12 levels in the body. But vitamin C supplements don't seem to affect levels of vitamin B12.
Interactions with foods
There are no known interactions with foods.
Products
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Per 5 g (Orange):
- Total Ascorbic acid 2.55 g
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate (Vitamin C) 112 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 100 mg equiv. magnesium 6.9 mg
- Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (Vitamin C) 537 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 441 mg equiv. calcium 50.5 mg
- Sodium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 310 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 274 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 1.61 g
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 125 mg
- Selenomethionine 37.3 µg equiv. selenium 15 µg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 15.6 mg equiv. zinc 5 mg
- Rutin (Rutoside) 125 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 125 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate (Vitamin E) 41.3 mg equiv. d-alpha-tocopherol 50 IU
Practitioner product
Per tablet (Strawberry Vanilla):
- Sodium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 11.3 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 10 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 10 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate 17 mg equiv. calcium 5 mg
- Zinc oxide 1.24 mg equiv. zinc 1 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 0.75 µg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 12.4 mg equiv. vitamin E 15 IU
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 2.5 µg equiv. vitamin D 100 IU
- Retinol acetate (Vitamin A) 200 µg equiv. vitamin A 582.5 IU equiv. retinol Equivalents (RE) 175 µg
- Ferrous fumarate 3.8 mg equiv. iron 1.3 mg
- Magnesium phosphate 24.2 mg equiv. magnesium 5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 6 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 125 µg equiv. manganese 12.5 µg
- Biotin 25 µg
- Potassium iodide 98.3 µg equiv. iodine 75 µg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 350 µg equiv. thiamine 284 µg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 550 µg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 650 µg equiv. pyridoxine 534 µg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 1.6 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 1.5 mg
- Folic acid 50 µg
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Per 3.5 g:
- Total Vitamin C 1.73 g
- Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (Vitamin C) 309.4 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 255.6 mg equiv. calcium 29.08 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 1.085 g
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate (Vitamin C) 144.38 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 129.5 mg equiv. magnesium 8.96 mg
- Sodium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 187.3 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 165.6 mg equiv. sodium 21.73 mg
- Potassium ascorbate dihydrate (Vitamin C) 135.03 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 94.5 mg
- Phyllanthus emblica (Amlalaki) ext. 16.8 mg
- Calcium phosphate 70 mg equiv. calcium 27.13 mg equiv. phosphorus 12.95 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate 41.23 mg equiv. vitamin E 56 IU
- Rutin (Rutoside) 42 mg
- Beta-carotene carotenoids (Vitamin A) 1.26 mg
- Magnesium phosphate 70 mg equiv. magnesium 14.46 mg equiv. phosphorus 12.29 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 70 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 10.89 mg equiv. zinc 3.5 mg
- Glycine 525 mg
Practitioner product
Per 5 g (Citrus):
Practitioner product
Per sachet (Raspberry):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 1 g
- Total Calcium 50 mg
- Retinyl acetate (Vitamin A) 859.75 µg equiv. retinol equivalents 750 µg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate 21.47 mg equiv. vitamin E 15 IU
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 25 µg
- Zinc ascorbate 5 mg equiv. zinc 785 µg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 5 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 2 mg equiv. pyridoxine 1.6 mg
- Folic acid 40 µg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 2.5 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 2.29 mg
- Calcium phosphate 34.67 mg equiv. phosphorus 5.5 mg
- Potassium iodide 198.55 µg equiv. iodine 150 µg
- Magnesium carbonate 122.36 mg equiv. magnesium 29.5 mg
- Manganese gluconate 4.55 mg equiv. manganese 500 µg
- Chromium picolinate 96.52 µg equiv. chromium 12 µg
- Cysteine hydrochloride 3.5 mg
- L-aspartic acid 7 mg
- Potassium phosphate monobasic 96.52 mg equiv. potassium 28 mg equiv. phosphorus 21.95 mg
- Quercetin dihydrate 20 mg
12 sachets Raspberry
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Per 9.36 g (Lemon):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 623 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 164 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 150 mg equiv. calcium 13.9 mg
- Taurine 3 g
- Total Magnesium 350 mg
- Magnesium orotate 485 mg equiv. magnesium 32 mg
- Magnesium glycinate dihydrate 1.71 g equiv. magnesium 200 mg
- Magnesium citrate 463 mg equiv. magnesium 75.1 mg
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate 694 mg equiv. magnesium 43.1 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 48.1 mg equiv. zinc 15.1 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 20 mg equiv. thiamine 17.9 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 10 mg equiv. riboflavin 7.68 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 10 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 18.3 mg equiv. pyridoxine 15 mg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 100 μg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 108 μg equiv. folinic acid 100 μg
- Glutamine 500 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) 11 mg equiv. pyridoxine 7.49 mg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 434 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 400 μg
- Mecobalamin (Vitamin B12) 400 μg
400 g Lemon
Practitioner product
Per 9.5 g (Tropical):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 500 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 2.1 g equiv. calcium 500 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 25 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 50 mg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 200 μg
- Magnesium bisglycinate 2 g equiv. magnesium 200 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 25 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 25 mg equiv. riboflavin 18 mg
- Acetyl levocarnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl-L-carnitine) 1.2 g
- L-tyrosine 1 g
- Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous 250 mg equiv. sodium 81 mg
- Borax 13 mg equiv. boron 1.5 mg
- Potassium iodide 98 μg equiv. iodine 75 μg
- Selenomethionine 62.5 μg equiv. selenium 25 μg
- Zinc bisglycinate (Zinc amino acid chelate) 50 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
400 g Tropical
Practitioner product
Per 10 g:
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 333 mg
- Malpighia glabra (Acerola) ext. 267 mg
- Calcium citrate 132 mg
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) 1 g
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder 333 mg
- Wheatgrass powder 333 mg
- Inulin (Dietary fibre) 800 mg
- Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium bifidum 3 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium lactis 5 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium longum 1 billion CFU
- Cynara scolymus powder 500 mg
- Hordeum vulgare 200 mg
- Malus (Apple) 200 mg
- Brassica oleracea var. acephala (leaf & sprout) powder (Kale) 100 mg
- Ananas comosus (Pineapple) 240 mg
- Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) 67 mg
- Beta glucan 50 mg
- Resveratrol 10 mg
- Ananas comosus (Pineapple oil) 65 mg
- Linum usitatissimum (seed) (Flaxseed) 400 mg
- Oryza sativa (Rice bran) 500 mg
- Pea protein isolate 1 g
- R-alpha lipoic acid 67 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 400 µg
- Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) 5.3 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 567 µg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 434 µg
- Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) 1.7 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 0.8 µg
- Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D) 3.8 µg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 100 mg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 8 mg
- Copper gluconate 225 µg
- Potassium phosphate dibasic 104 mg
- Folic acid 67 µg
- Biotin 10 µg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 14 mg
- Magnesium citrate 42 mg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 10 mg
- Chromium picolinate 10 µg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 1.4 mg
- Selenomethionine 30 µg
- Beta-carotene carotenoids (Vitamin A) 1.7 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 500 mg
- Citric acid anhydrous 150 mg
- Rosmarinus officinalis powder 68 mg
- Taraxacum officinale ext. 33 mg
- Vaccinium myrtillus powder 200 mg
- Glycyrrhiza glabra powder 67 mg
- Crataegus monogyna ext. 29 mg
- Astragalus membranaceus ext. 67 mg
- Vitis vinifera ext. 67 mg
- Camellia sinensis ext. 67 mg
- Ganoderma lucidum powder 21 mg
- Lentinula edodes powder 21 mg
- Aloe barbadensis ext. 500 mg
- Zingiber officinale powder 67 mg
- Eleutherococcus senticosus ext. 1 g
- Centella asiatica ext. 67 mg
- Withania somnifera ext. 67 mg
- Silybum marianum ext. 67 mg
- Arctium lappa ext. 21 mg
- Rosa canina powder 168 mg
- Lycium barbarum 33 mg
- Beta vulgaris (root) powder (Beetroot) 167 mg
- Daucus carota powder (Carrot) 83 mg
- Carica papaya (Papain) 250 mg
- Lecithin 725 mg
- Laminaria digitara (Kelp) 8 mg
- Natural vanilla flavour
- Natural pineapple flavour
- Thaumatin
- Stevia rebaubiana
- Luo Han Guo (fruit) ext. (Monk fruit)
- Xanthan gum
- Brassica oleracea var. italica powder 150 mg
- Theobroma cacao powder 100 mg
1 kg
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Per capsule:
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 300 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 50 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 45.80 mg equiv. calcium 4.2 mg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 100 μg
- Mecobalamin (Vitamin B12) 400 μg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 30 mg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 430 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 400 μg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 110 μg equiv. folinic acid 100 μg
- Biotin 500 μg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 26.8 mg equiv. pyridoxine 17.11 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 30 mg equiv. riboflavin 21.9 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 100 mg equiv. thiamine 89.19 mg
- Nicotinamide riboside chloride (Vitamin B3) 50 mg equiv. ribose 25.8 mg
Practitioner product
Per 7 g (Orange):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 300 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 269 mg equiv. calcium 63 mg
- Taurine 600 mg
- L-glutamine 500 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 50 mg equiv. pyridoxine 41.16 mg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 150 μg
- Magnesium bisglycinate 3 g equiv. magnesium 300 mg
- Potassium phosphate monobasic 182 mg equiv. potassium 52 mg
- Acetyl levocarnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl-L-carnitine) 118 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 1.9 mg
- Chromium nicotinate 250 μg equiv. chromium 25 μg
- Selenomethionine 62.5 μg equiv. selenium 25 μg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 30 mg
420 g Orange
Practitioner product
Per 7 g (Raspberry):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 300 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 269 mg equiv. calcium 63 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 50 mg equiv. pyridoxine 31.85 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 2.6 mg equiv. riboflavin 1.9 mg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 150 μg
- Magnesium bisglycinate 3 g equiv. magnesium 300 mg
- Taurine 600 mg
- Glutamine 500 mg
- Potassium phosphate monobasic 182 mg equiv. potassium 52 mg
- Acetyl levocarnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl-L-carnitine) 118 mg
- Chromium nicotinate 250 μg equiv. chromium 25 μg
- Selenomethionine 62.5 μg equiv. selenium 25 μg
420 g Raspberry
Practitioner product
Per 8.7 g (Citrus):
450 g Citrus
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Per 3.9 g (Passionfruit):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 250 mg
- Hydroxyapatite (Calcium) 2 g equiv. calcium 500 mg equiv. phosphorus 216 mg
- Glycine max ext. 113 mg
- Borax 26 mg equiv. boron 3 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 16 mg equiv. manganese 2.5 mg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 100 μg
- Cholecalciferol 12.5 μg equiv. vitamin D3 500 IU
- Zinc bisglycinate (Zinc amino acid chelate) 25 mg equiv. zinc 5 mg
Practitioner product
Per 22 g (Vanilla):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 250 mg
- Calcified lithothamnion (Red algae) 156 mg equiv. calcium 50 mg
- Pisum sativum ext. 3.32 g
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 21.6 mg equiv. thiamine 17 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 54.6 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 50 mg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 200 μg
- L-glutamine 1.5 g
- Larix occidentalis (arabinogalactan) (Larch) 1 g
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 6.58 mg equiv. riboflavin 5 mg
- Cholecalciferol 10 μg equiv. vitamin D3 400 IU
- Taurine 350 mg
- Molybdenum trioxide 77 μg equiv. molybdenum 50 μg
- Potassium iodide 66 μg equiv. iodine 50 μg
- Chromium nicotinate 193.6 μg equiv. chromium 24 μg
- Selenomethionine 125.4 μg equiv. selenium 50 μg
- Manganese gluconate 8.1 mg equiv. manganese 1 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 46.6 mg equiv. zinc 15 mg
- Magnesium citrate 330 mg equiv. magnesium 50 mg
- Biotin 50 μg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 360 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 200 μg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) 15.7 mg equiv. pyridoxine 10 mg
- Choline bitartrate 30 mg
- L-glycine 1.5 g
- Silybum marianum ext. 150 mg
- Camellia sinensis powder 250 mg
- Zingiber officinale ext. 135 mg
- Oryza sativa ext. 10 g
Practitioner product
Per 16 g (French Vanilla):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 250 mg
- Calcified lithothamnion (Red algae) 156 mg equiv. calcium 50 mg
- Hydrolysed bovine collagen peptides 10 g
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 15.7 mg equiv. pyridoxine 10 mg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 200 μg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 47 mg equiv. zinc 15 mg
- Glycine 1.5 g
- Taurine 350 mg
- Choline bitartrate 30 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 21.6 mg equiv. thiamine 17 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 6.58 mg equiv. riboflavin 5 mg
- Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 54.6 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 50 mg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 360 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 200 μg
- Biotin 50 μg
- Cholecalciferol 10 μg equiv. vitamin D3 400 IU
- Magnesium citrate 330 mg equiv. magnesium 50 mg
- Manganese gluconate 8.1 mg equiv. manganese 1 mg
- Selenomethionine 125 μg equiv. selenium 50 μg
- Chromium nicotinate 194 μg equiv. chromium 24 μg
- Molybdenum trioxide 75 μg equiv. molybdenum 50 μg
- Potassium iodide 66 μg equiv. iodine 50 μg
- Silybum marianum ext. 150 mg
- Zingiber officinale ext. 50 mg
Practitioner product
Per 41 g (Smooth Chocolate):
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 250 mg
- Calcified lithothamnion (Red algae) 156 mg equiv. calcium 50 mg
- Pisum sativum ext. 5 g
- Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane fibre) 4 g
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 200 μg
- Cholecalciferol 10 μg equiv. vitamin D3 400 IU
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 46.74 mg equiv. zinc 15 mg
- Oryza sativa ext. 15 g
- Glutamine 1.5 g
- Glycine 2 g
- Myo-inositol 1.25 g
- Taurine 500 mg
- Choline bitartrate 100 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 21.6 mg equiv. thiamine 17 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 6.6 mg equiv. riboflavin 5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 164 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 150 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) 15.7 mg equiv. pyridoxine 10 mg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 357 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 200 μg
- Biotin 50 μg
- Magnesium citrate 330.46 mg equiv. magnesium 50 mg
- Manganese gluconate 8.12 mg equiv. manganese 1 mg
- Selenomethionine 123 μg equiv. selenium 50 μg
- Molybdenum trioxide 73.8 μg equiv. molybdenum 50 μg
- Potassium iodide 65.6 μg equiv. iodine 50 μg
- Chromium nicotinate 196.8 μg equiv. chromium 24 μg
- Cinnamomum cassia ext. 300 mg
- Vaccinium myrtillus ext. 250 mg
- Silybum marianum ext. 150 mg
- Zingiber officinale ext. 135 mg
- Acetyl levocarnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl-L-carnitine) 200 mg
Practitioner product
Per tablet:
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 200 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 429 mg equiv. calcium 100 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 50 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate (Vitamin E) 41 mg equiv. d-alpha-tocopherol 34 mg
- Folic acid 500 μg
- Cholecalciferol 10 μg equiv. vitamin D3 400 IU
- Zinc amino acid chelate 25 mg equiv. zinc 5 mg
- Mecobalamin (Vitamin B12) 500 μg
- Eleutherococcus senticosus ext. 133 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 75 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 8.3 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 50 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 50 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Choline bitartrate 25 mg
- Inositol 25 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 10 mg equiv. manganese 1.6 mg
- Borax 8.8 mg equiv. boron 1 mg
- Beta-carotene carotenoids (Vitamin A) 5 mg
- Chromium nicotinate 500 μg equiv. chromium 50 μg
- Potassium iodide 65 μg equiv. iodine 50 μg
- Selenomethionine 65 μg equiv. selenium 26 μg
- Biotin 50 μg
- Silybum marianum ext. 29 mg
- Magnesium amino acid chelate 150 mg equiv. magnesium 30 mg
- Iron amino acid chelate 25 mg equiv. iron 5 mg
- Potassium phosphate dibasic 4.5 mg equiv. potassium 2 mg
- Copper gluconate 1.2 mg equiv. copper 170 μg
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Per tablet:
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 125 mg
- Hydroxyapatite (Calcium) 980 mg equiv. calcium 250 mg equiv. phosphorus 108 mg
- Glycine max ext. 56.25 mg
- Borax 13 mg equiv. boron 1.5 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 7.8 mg equiv. manganese 1.3 mg
- Cholecalciferol 6.25 μg equiv. vitamin D3 250 IU
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 50 μg
- Zinc bisglycinate (Zinc amino acid chelate) 13 mg equiv. zinc 2.5 mg
Practitioner product
Per tablet:
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 100 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 100 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 91.6 mg equiv. calcium 8.39 mg
- Calcium citrate 237 mg equiv. calcium 50 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 82.64 mg equiv. vitamin E 100 IU
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed (low-alpha type) 14.7 mg
- Retinol acetate 431.2 μg equiv. vitamin A 375 μgRE
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 400 μg
- Cholecalciferol 2.5 μg equiv. vitamin D3 100 IU
- Zinc amino acid chelate 50 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 50 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 50 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 200 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 50 mg equiv. pyridoxine 41.14 mg
- Folic acid 400 μg
- Biotin 100 μg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 30 μg
- Borax 8.82 mg equiv. boron 1 mg
- Chromium nicotinate 416.67 μg equiv. chromium 50 μg
- Copper gluconate 1.43 mg equiv. copper 200 μg
- Magnesium oxide - heavy 41.46 mg equiv. magnesium 25 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 5 mg equiv. manganese 1 mg
- Molybdenum trioxide 113 μg equiv. molybdenum 75 μg
- Selenomethionine 64.58 μg equiv. selenium 26 μg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 50 mg
- Choline bitartrate 50 mg equiv. choline 20 mg
- Myo-inositol 50 mg
- Beta-carotene carotenoids (Vitamin A) 4 mg
Practitioner product
Per tablet:
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 100 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 258.2 mg equiv. calcium 60 mg equiv. phosphorous 46.47 mg
- Reynoutria japonica ext. 20 mg
- Asparagus racemosus ext. 70.58 mg
- Vitex agnus-castus ext. 25 mg
- Retinol acetate 354 μg equiv. vitamin A 300 μg RE
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 50 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 30 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 50 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 45.8 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 150 μg
- Folic acid 500 μg
- Cholecalciferol 25 μg equiv. vitamin D3 1000 IU
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 41.3 mg equiv. vitamin E 50 IU
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed (low-alpha type) 20 mg
- Biotin 150 μg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 30 μg
- Choline bitartrate 25 mg
- Inositol 25 mg
- Magnesium amino acid chelate 150 mg equiv. magnesium 30 mg
- Iron amino acid chelate 50 mg equiv. iron 5 mg
- Borax 26.5 mg equiv. boron 3 mg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 25 mg equiv. zinc 5 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 20 mg equiv. manganese 2 mg
- Chromium chloride hexahydrate 1.28 mg equiv. chromium 250 μg
- Potassium iodide (Iodine) 391 μg equiv. iodine 299 μg equiv. potassium 92 μg
- Molybdenum trioxide 150 μg equiv. molybdenum 100 μg
- Selenomethionine 124.2 μg equiv. selenium 50 μg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 50 mg equiv. pyridoxine 41 mg
Practitioner product
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This monograph was last reviewed on 07/04/2025 10:00:00 and last updated on 27/06/2022 01:25:22. Monographs are reviewed and/or updated multiple times per month and at least once per year.
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