
Background
There are different forms of vitamin D, including ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Vitamin D is found in fish, eggs, and fortified milk. It's also made in the skin when exposed to sunlight. During periods of sunlight, vitamin D is stored in fat and then released when sunlight is not available.
Vitamin D supplements are commonly used to treat and prevent vitamin D deficiency. People who don't get enough sun and people who are 65 years or older are at risk for deficiency. People also use vitamin D for weak and brittle bones, heart disease, asthma, hay fever, and many other conditions, but there's no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses. There is also no strong evidence to support using vitamin D supplements for COVID-19. But it is important to maintain healthy levels of vitamin D. This can be done by taking 400-1000 IU of vitamin D daily or spending 15-30 minutes in the sun each day.
Safety Safety definitions
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Vitamin D is likely safe during pregnancy and breast-feeding when used in daily amounts below 4000 IU (100 mcg). Do not use higher doses unless instructed by your healthcare provider. Vitamin D is possibly unsafe when used in higher amounts during pregnancy or while breast-feeding. Using higher doses might cause harm to the infant.Children: Vitamin D is likely safe in children when taken by mouth in recommended amounts. But it is possibly unsafe to take vitamin D in higher doses, long-term. Infants from 0-6 months should not take more than 1000 IU (25 mcg) daily. Infants aged 6-12 months should not take more than 1500 IU (37.5 mcg) daily. Children aged 1-3 years should not take more than 2500 IU (62.5 mcg) daily. Children aged 4-8 years should not take more than 3000 IU (75 mcg) daily. Children aged 9 years and older should not take more than 4000 IU (100 mcg) daily.
Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis): Taking vitamin D could make this condition worse, especially in people with kidney disease.
A type of fungal infection called histoplasmosis: Vitamin D might increase calcium levels in people with histoplasmosis. This could lead to kidney stones and other problems. Use vitamin D cautiously.
High levels of calcium in the blood: Taking vitamin D could make this condition worse.
Over-active parathyroid gland (hyperparathyroidism): Vitamin D might increase calcium levels in people with hyperparathyroidism. Use vitamin D cautiously.
Lymphoma: Vitamin D might increase calcium levels in people with lymphoma. This could lead to kidney stones and other problems. Use vitamin D cautiously.
Kidney disease: Vitamin D might increase calcium levels and increase the risk of "hardening of the arteries" in people with serious kidney disease. Calcium levels should be monitored carefully in people with kidney disease.
A disease that causes swelling (inflammation) in body organs, usually the lungs or lymph nodes (sarcoidosis): Vitamin D might increase calcium levels in people with sarcoidosis. This could lead to kidney stones and other problems. Use vitamin D cautiously.
Tuberculosis: Vitamin D might increase calcium levels in people with tuberculosis. This could lead to kidney stones and other problems. Use vitamin D cautiously.
Effectiveness
- A rare, inherited bone disorder marked by low levels of phosphate in the blood (familial hypophosphatemia). Taking specific forms of vitamin D, called calcitriol or dihydrotachysterol, by mouth along with phosphate supplements is effective for treating bone disorders in people with low levels of phosphate in the blood.
- Underactive parathyroid (hypoparathyroidism). Taking specific forms of vitamin D, called dihydrotachysterol, calcitriol, or ergocalciferol, by mouth is effective for increasing calcium blood levels in people with low parathyroid hormone levels.
- Softening of the bones (osteomalacia). Taking vitamin D3 by mouth is effective for treating this condition.
- A bone disorder that occurs in people with kidney disease (renal osteodystrophy). Taking a specific form of vitamin D, called calcitriol, by mouth helps to manage low calcium levels and prevent bone loss in people with kidney failure.
- Rickets. Taking vitamin D by mouth is effective for preventing and treating rickets. A specific form of vitamin D, called calcitriol, should be used in people with kidney failure.
- Vitamin D deficiency. Taking vitamin D by mouth is effective for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency.
- Bone loss in people taking drugs called corticosteroids. Taking vitamin D by mouth prevents bone loss in people taking drugs called corticosteroids. Also, taking vitamin D alone or with calcium seems to improve bone density in people with existing bone loss caused by using corticosteroids.
- Weak and brittle bones (osteoporosis). Taking vitamin D3 by mouth along with calcium seems to help prevent bone loss and bone breaks in people with osteoporosis.
- Psoriasis. Applying vitamin D in the form of calcitriol, calcipotriene, maxacalcitol, or paricalcitol to the skin can help treat plaque-type psoriasis. Applying vitamin D along with corticosteroids seems to work better than applying vitamin D or corticosteroids alone. But taking vitamin D by mouth doesn't seem to help.
- Hay fever. Taking vitamin D by mouth seems to reduce symptoms of hay fever in adults and children. But it isn't clear if taking vitamin D during pregnancy can help to prevent hay fever in the child after birth.
- Cavities. Taking vitamin D2 or D3 by mouth reduces the risk of cavities by 36% to 49% in infants, children, and adolescents.
- Heart failure. Taking vitamin D by mouth can help reduce the risk of developing heart failure in some people. But it doesn't seem to help patients who already have heart failure.
- Bone loss in people with overactive parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism-related bone loss). Taking vitamin D3 by mouth seems to reduce parathyroid hormone levels and bone loss in people with a condition called hyperparathyroidism.
- Infection of the airways. Taking vitamin D by mouth helps prevent respiratory infections in children. But taking vitamin D by mouth during pregnancy doesn't seem to reduce the risk of these infections in the child after birth. It also doesn't help prevent infections in adults.
- Preventing tooth loss (tooth retention). Taking calcium and vitamin D3 by mouth appears to prevent tooth loss in elderly people.
- Heart disease. Taking a vitamin D supplement by mouth doesn't seem to prevent heart disease, heart attack, stroke, or other serious heart-related events in most people.
- Critical illness (trauma). Giving vitamin D to people with low vitamin D levels who are in the hospital with a critical illness doesn't make them more likely to live.
- Fractures. Taking vitamin D by mouth doesn't seem to prevent fractures in older people who do NOT have osteoporosis.
- High blood pressure. Taking vitamin D by mouth doesn't seem to lower blood pressure in most people with high blood pressure. But it might help people who have very low blood levels of vitamin D.
- A mental disorder marked by hallucinations and delusion (psychosis). Taking vitamin D by mouth doesn't seem to improve symptoms of psychosis in adults.
- Prostate cancer. Taking vitamin D by mouth doesn't seem to reduce cancer progression or death from prostate cancer.
- Tuberculosis. Most research shows that taking vitamin D by mouth doesn't help to cure tuberculosis or make it less severe.
Dosing & administration
Most people should not consume more than 4000 IU daily unless under the care of a healthcare provider. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.
Interactions with pharmaceuticals
Aluminum
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Aluminum is found in most antacids. Vitamin D can increase how much aluminum the body absorbs. This interaction might be a problem for people with kidney disease. Take vitamin D two hours before, or four hours after antacids.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Vitamin D might decrease how much atorvastatin the body absorbs. Taking vitamin D with atorvastatin might decrease the effects of atorvastatin.
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Taking vitamin D along with calcipotriene might increase the effects and side effects of calcipotriene.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Taking vitamin D along with digoxin might increase the effects and side effects of digoxin. If you are taking digoxin, talk to your doctor before taking vitamin D supplements.
Diltiazem (Cardizem, others)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium. Calcium can affect the heart. Diltiazem can also affect the heart. Taking large amounts of vitamin D along with diltiazem might decrease the effects of diltiazem.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates)
Interaction Rating=Minor Be watchful with this combination.
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Vitamin D might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Verapamil (Calan, others)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium. Calcium can affect the heart. Verapamil can also affect the heart. Do not take large amounts of vitamin D if you are taking verapamil.
Water pills (Thiazide diuretics)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium. Some "water pills" increase the amount of calcium in the body. Taking large amounts of vitamin D along with some "water pills" might cause too much calcium in the body. This could cause serious side effects, including kidney problems.
Interactions with herbs & supplements
Magnesium: Taking vitamin D can raise the level of magnesium in people who have low magnesium and low vitamin D levels. This doesn't seem to be a concern for people with normal magnesium levels.
Interactions with foods
Products
View all products- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Pea protein isolate 8.3 g
- Lactobacillus acidophilus 1.5 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium lactis 1.5 billion CFU
- Marine algae 500 mg
- Linum usitatissimum (seed) (Flaxseed) 250 mg
- Sunflower lecithin 200 mg
- Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) 100 mg
- Beta vulgaris (root) powder (Beetroot) 100 mg
- Daucus carota powder (Carrot) 100 mg
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) 100 mg
- Wheatgrass powder 100 mg
- Zingiber officinale powder 40 mg
- Ribes nigrum powder 200 mg
- Vitis vinifera powder 200 mg
- Malpighia glabra powder 100 mg
- Lycium chinese powder 100 mg
- Vaccinium myrtillus powder 100 mg
- Bacopa monnieri powder 50 mg
- Taraxacum officinale powder 30 mg
- Malus (fibre) powder (Apple) 640 mg
- Apple pectin 200 mg
- Plantago ovata (husk) (Psyllium) 100 mg
- Citric acid anhydrous 150 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 70 mg
- Ananas comosus (Bromelain) 30 mg
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid 20 mg
- Beta glucan 8 mg
- Dunaliella salina 8 mg
- Lutein 2 mg
- Zeaxanthin (Carotenoids) 400 µg
- Natural chocolate flavour
- Calcium citrate
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
- Zinc gluconate
- d-alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
- Thaumatin
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3)
- Manganese gluconate
- D-calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5)
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed (Vitamin E)
- Selenomethionine (Selenium)
- Retinyl palmitate (Vitamin A)
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)
- Folate
- Chromium picolinate
- Fucus vesiculosus powder 98 mg
- Stevia rebaubiana powder
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1)
- Copper
- Calendula officinalis powder
- Biotin
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Theobroma cacao powder 2.1 g
- Brassica oleracea var. acephala powder 100 mg
- Carica papaya 50 mg
- Hordeum vulgare 100 mg
- Natural vanilla flavour
- Potassium phosphate - dibasic
- Magnesium gluconate
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Pea protein isolate
- Malus (Apple)
- Apple pectin
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina)
- Linum usitatissimum (seed) (Flaxseed)
- Sunflower lecithin
- Marine algae
- Wheatgrass powder
- Beta vulgaris (root) powder (Beetroot)
- Brassica oleracea (Broccoli)
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder
- Spinacia oleracea (Spinach)
- Daucus carota powder (Carrot)
- Zingiber officinale
- Glycyrrhiza glabra (root)
- Cynara scolymus
- Ribes nigrum
- Vitis vinifera
- Malpighia glabra
- Vaccinium myrtillus
- Camellia sinensis
- Rosa canina
- Curcuma longa
- Centella asiatica
- Silybum marianum
- Rhodiola rosea
- Rosmarinus officinalis
- Withania somnifera
- Resveratrol
- Taraxacum officinale
- Lycium chinese (berry)
- Crataegus laevigata
- Citric acid anhydrous
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid
- Ananas comosus (Bromelain)
- Beta glucan
- Ubiquinol-10 (Coenzyme Q10)
- Dunaliella salina
- Lactobacillus acidophilus
- Bifidobacterium bifidum
- Potassium phosphate - dibasic
- Magnesium
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
- Natural vanilla flavour
- Natural pineapple flavour
- Zinc gluconate
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed (Vitamin E)
- Selenomethionine (Selenium)
- D-calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5)
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3)
- Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3)
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)
- Retinyl palmitate (Vitamin A)
- Copper sulphate pentahydrate
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Folate
- Chromium picolinate
- Panax ginseng
- Fucus vesiculosus
- Stevia rebaubiana (leaf)
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1)
- Biotin
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Lentinula edodes (fruiting body)
- Ulmus rubra (bark inner) powder
- Carica papaya
- Hordeum vulgare
- Plantago ovata (husk) (Psyllium)
- Theobroma cacao
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate (Vitamin E)
- Astragalus membranaceus
- Manganese gluconate
- Aloe barbadensis
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2)
- Cholecalciferol
- Pea protein isolate
- Phoenix dactylifera (Date)
- Malus (Apple)
- Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina)
- Potassium phosphate - dibasic
- Linum usitatissimum (seed) (Flaxseed)
- Magnesium gluconate
- Sunflower lecithin
- Natural vanilla flavour
- Marine algae
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
- Natural pineapple flavour
- Wheatgrass powder
- Hordeum vulgare (leaf) powder (Barley)
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract
- Apple pectin
- Citric acid anhydrous
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder
- Brassica oleracea var. acephala (sprout) powder (Broccoli)
- Beta vulgaris
- Plantago ovata (husk) (Psyllium)
- Spinacia oleracea (Spinach)
- Carica papaya
- Daucus carota powder (Carrot)
- Zingiber officinale
- Glycyrrhiza glabra (root)
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid
- Lentinula edodes (mushroom)
- Ananas comosus (Bromelain)
- Resveratrol
- Curcuma longa ext.
- Rosa canina ext.
- Laminaria digitara (Kelp)
- Zinc gluconate
- Beta glucan
- Cynara scolymus ext.
- Ulmus rubra
- Lactobacillus acidophilus
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate (Vitamin E)
- Ubiquinol-10 (Coenzyme Q10)
- Astragalus membranaceus ext.
- Camellia sinensis ext.
- Manganese gluconate
- Withania somnifera ext.
- Bifidobacterium bifidum
- Selenomethionine (Selenium)
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed
- Lycium chinese (berry) ext.
- Taraxacum officinale ext.
- D-calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5)
- Panax ginseng ext.
- Rosmarinus officinalis ext.
- Centella asiatica ext.
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3)
- Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3)
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)
- Retinol palmitate
- Dunaliella salina cell powder (Green micro-algae)
- Rhodiola rosea ext.
- Aloe barbadensis ext.
- Crataegus monogyna ext.
- Copper gluconate
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Vitis vinifera ext.
- Vaccinium myrtillus ext.
- Ribes nigrum ext.
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2)
- Silybum marianum ext.
- Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1)
- Calcium L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (Methyl folate)
- Chromium picolinate
- Biotin
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Coconut sugar
- Anacardium occidentale (Cashew nut)
- Sunflower seed
- Prunus dulcis (Almond)
- Chia (seed)
- Theobroma cacao ext.
- Malpighia glabra ext.
- Stevia rebaubiana
- Prunus armeniaca
- Vitamin D
- Oryza sativa (Brown rice)
- Vicia faba (Fava bean protein)
- Pumpkin seed protein
- Cannabis sativa (seed)
- L-glutamine
- L-glycine
- L-valine
- L-threonine
- L-leucine
- L-arginine
- L-isoleucine
- Cocoa powder 3.24 g
- Natural flavours
- Malus powder (Apple)
- Acacia sp. (fibre)
- Siraitia grosvenorii (Monk fruit)
- Medium Chain Triglycerides
- Xanthan gum
- Eleutherococcus senticosus
- Coffea canephora
- Camellia sinensis
- Magnesium citrate
- Zinc gluconate
- Ferrous fumarate (Iron)
- Pink Himalayan crystal salt
- Laminaria digitara (Kelp)
- Ananas comosus (Bromelain)
- Carica papaya (Papain)
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 25 µg equiv. vitamin D 1000 IU
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001) 6 billion CFU
- Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-14) 9 billion CFU
- Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (HN019) 100 million CFU
- Lactobacillus salivarius 100 million CFU
- Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 100 million CFU
- Bifidobacterium breve 100 million CFU
- Bifidobacterium infantis 100 million CFU
- Bifidobacterium longum 100 million CFU
- Lactobacillus plantarum 100 million CFU
- Lactobacillus paracasei 100 million CFU
- Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus 100 million CFU
- Lactobacillus reuteri 100 million CFU
- Fructooligosaccharides 10 mg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 12.5 µg equiv. vitamin D 500 IU
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 900 mg
- Zinc citrate 32.26 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
- Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (Vitamin C) 219 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 180 mg
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (boulardii) (SB) 440 mg
- Kakadu plum powder 20 mg
- Olea europaea ext. 50 mg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 8.3 µg equiv. vitamin D 333 IU
- Gymnema sylvestre ext. 100 mg
- Cinnamomum cassia ext. 66.67 mg
- Trigonella foenum-graecum ext. 4 mg
- Alpha lipoic acid 200 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 35 mg
- Chromium chloride hexahydrate 256.3 µg equiv. chromium 50 µg
- Chromium picolinate 133.5 µg equiv. chromium 16.6 µg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 50 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 5 μg equiv. vitamin D 200 IU
- Beta-carotene (Carotenoids) 3 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 30 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 20 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 50 mg equiv. pyridoxine 41.14 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 100 μg
- Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (Vitamin C) 110 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 90.9 mg equiv. calcium 10.3 mg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 75 mg equiv. zinc 15 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 82.6 mg equiv. vitamin E 100 IU
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 100 mg
- Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3) 5 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 100 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 91.6 mg equiv. calcium 8.4 mg
- Folic acid 400 μg
- Biotin 100 μg
- Choline bitartrate 25 mg
- Inositol 25 mg
- Calcium citrate tetrahydrate 84 mg equiv. calcium 17.7 mg
- Magnesium amino acid chelate 90 mg equiv. magnesium 18 mg
- Potassium phosphate - dibasic 50 mg equiv. potassium 22.5 mg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 32.1 mg equiv. silicon 15 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 20 mg equiv. manganese 2 mg
- Borax 4.41 mg equiv. boron 500 μg
- Chromium nicotinate 500 μg equiv. chromium 50 μg
- Copper sulphate pentahydrate 196.5 μg equiv. copper 50 μg
- Potassium iodide 50 μg equiv. iodine 38.2 μg
- Molybdenum trioxide 50 μg equiv. molybdenum 33.3 μg
- Selenomethionine 124.2 μg equiv. selenium 50 μg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 50 μg
- Taurine 100 mg
- Glutamine 50 mg
- Lysine hydrochloride 50 mg
- Tagetes erecta ext. 20 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract equiv. citrus bioflavonoids 50 mg
- Rutin (Rutoside) 15 mg
- Lycopene 2 mg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 2.5 µg equiv. vitamin D 100 IU
- Magnesium oxide - heavy 440 mg equiv. magnesium 265.3 mg
- Magnesium phosphate pentahydrate 175 mg equiv. magnesium 36.2 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 40 mg equiv. manganese 4 mg
- Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (Vitamin C) 50 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 41.3 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 50 mg equiv. pyridoxine 41.1 mg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 2.5 µg equiv. vitamin D 100 IU
- Zinc oxide 1.24 mg equiv. zinc 1 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 0.75 µg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 12.4 mg equiv. vitamin E 15 IU
- Retinol acetate (Vitamin A) 200 µg equiv. vitamin A 582.5 IU equiv. retinol Equivalents (RE) 175 µg
- Sodium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 11.3 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 10 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 10 mg
- Ferrous fumarate 3.8 mg equiv. iron 1.3 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate 17 mg equiv. calcium 5 mg
- Magnesium phosphate 24.2 mg equiv. magnesium 5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 6 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 125 µg equiv. manganese 12.5 µg
- Biotin 25 µg
- Potassium iodide 98.3 µg equiv. iodine 75 µg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 350 µg equiv. thiamine 284 µg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 550 µg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 650 µg equiv. pyridoxine 534 µg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 1.6 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 1.5 mg
- Folic acid 50 µg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 0.25 μg equiv. vitamin D 10 IU
- Euphrasia
- Pulsatilla pratensis
- Echinacea purpurea ext. 13.34 mg
- Sambucus nigra ext. 22.22 mg
- Zinc glycinate 670 μg equiv. zinc 200 μg
- Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (Vitamin C) 24.33 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 20 mg
- Gelsemium sempervirens
- Rhus toxicodendron (Poison Ivy)
- Mentha x piperita ext. 13.33 mg
- Allium cepa 3 C
- Cholecalciferol 25 μg equiv. vitamin D3 1000 IU
- Potassium iodide 294 μg equiv. iodine 225 μg
- Iron bisglycinate 18.5 mg equiv. iron 5 mg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 400 μg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 100 mg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 20 μg
- Choline bitartrate 486 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 56 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 50 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 75 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 50 mg equiv. manganese 5 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 78.35 mg equiv. zinc 25 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 61 mg equiv. pyridoxine 50 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) 15.4 mg equiv. pyridoxine 10 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 100 mg
- Selenomethionine 186 μg equiv. selenium 75 μg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 55 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 50 mg
- Chromium nicotinate 500 μg equiv. chromium 50 μg
- Sodium molybdate dihydrate 126 μg equiv. molybdenum 50 μg
- R,S-alpha lipoic acid 100 mg
- Biotin 100 μg
- Beta-carotene (Carotenoids) 3 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 200 mg
- Inositol 100 mg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 540 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 500 μg