
Background
Vitamin A is needed for the proper growth and functioning of many parts of the body, including the eyes, skin, and immune system. It can be found in many foods, including fruits, vegetables, and fish. Carotenoids are a group of chemicals found in plants. Some can be converted to vitamin A in the body.
People most commonly use vitamin A for treating vitamin A deficiency. It is also used for aging skin, acne, HIV/AIDS, cataracts, child development, infections, and many other conditions.
Safety Safety definitions
Pre-formed vitamin A is possibly unsafe when taken in doses greater than 10,000 units (3,000 mcg) daily. Higher doses might increase the risk of side effects. Long-term use of large amounts might cause serious side effects including mental changes.
When applied to the skin: Vitamin A is possibly safe when used short-term. Retinol 0.5% serum has been used daily for up to 12 weeks without serious side effects.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Vitamin A is likely safe when taken in recommended amounts of less than 10,000 units (3,000 mcg) of pre-formed vitamin A daily. Larger amounts are possibly unsafe and can cause birth defects. Monitor vitamin A intake from all sources during the first three months of pregnancy. Forms of vitamin A are found in several foods including animal liver, some fortified breakfast cereals, and dietary supplements.Children: Vitamin A is likely safe when taken in the recommended amounts. The maximum amounts of vitamin A that are safe for children are based on age. Vitamin A is possibly unsafe for children when taken by mouth in high doses. Taking high doses can cause side effects, including irritability, sleepiness, diarrhea, and other problems.
Excessive use of alcohol: Drinking alcohol might increase vitamin A's potentially harmful effects on the liver.
Disorders in which the body does not absorb fat properly: People with conditions that affect fat absorption are not able to absorb vitamin A properly. These conditions include celiac disease, short gut syndrome, jaundice, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic disease, and cirrhosis of the liver. If you have one of these conditions, take water-soluble forms of vitamin A, called carotenoids, instead.
Iron deficiency: Iron deficiency might affect the body's ability to use vitamin A.
Liver disease: Too much vitamin A might make liver disease worse. Do not take vitamin A supplements if you have liver disease.
Malnutrition: In people with severe protein malnutrition, taking vitamin A supplements might result in having too much vitamin A in the body.
Zinc deficiency: Zinc deficiency might cause symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. Taking a combination of vitamin A and zinc supplements might be necessary to improve this condition.
Effectiveness
- Vitamin A deficiency. Taking vitamin A by mouth is effective for preventing and treating vitamin A deficiency.
- Aging skin. Applying vitamin A (retinol) on the skin improves skin color, flexibility, and wrinkles in people with aging skin. It isn't clear whether non-prescription retinol works as well as prescription products such as tretinoin (Renova).
- A lung disease that affects newborns (bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Giving vitamin A as a shot seems to reduce the risk of this lung disease in infants born with a low birth weight. Vitamin A shots can only be given by a healthcare provider. It isn't clear whether giving vitamin A by mouth is helpful.
- Diarrhea. Giving vitamin A by mouth to young children who are at risk of vitamin A deficiency seems to prevent diarrhea. It isn't clear whether taking vitamin A while breastfeeding can help to prevent diarrhea in the nursing infant.
- Measles. Taking vitamin A by mouth seems to reduce the risk of measles, its complications, and death in young children with vitamin A deficiency.
- Ability to see in low-light conditions. Taking vitamin A by mouth during pregnancy seems to reduce night blindness by 37% in malnourished adults. Vitamin A might work better for this condition when taken with zinc.
- White patches inside the mouth that are usually caused by smoking (oral leukoplakia). Taking high-dose vitamin A by mouth can help treat these lesions.
- Death from any cause. Taking high-dose vitamin A by mouth reduces the risk of death in children under 5 years of age who are at risk for vitamin A deficiency. Taking vitamin A doesn't seem to reduce the risk of death in healthy adults.
- Complications after childbirth. Taking vitamin A by mouth before, during, and after pregnancy reduces diarrhea and the risk of death after giving birth in malnourished adults.
- An inherited eye condition that causes poor night vision and loss of side vision (retinitis pigmentosa). Taking vitamin A by mouth can slow the progression of an eye disease that causes damage to the retina.
- A type of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis). Taking vitamin A by mouth daily for 2 months can reduce symptoms in adults with ulcerative colitis.
- Skin wrinkles from sun damage. Applying non-prescription vitamin A (retinol) serum to the skin improves skin smoothness and wrinkles in females with sun-damaged skin. It might work as well as the prescription products that are approved by the FDA for treating skin wrinkles, such as tretinoin (Renova).
- Head and neck cancer. Taking vitamin A by mouth does not reduce the risk of developing new tumors or improve survival in people with head and neck cancer.
- HIV transmission. Taking vitamin A by mouth does not lower the risk of passing HIV to the fetus during pregnancy, to newborns during delivery, or to infants during breastfeeding. Taking vitamin A supplements during pregnancy might actually increase the risk of passing HIV to babies through breast milk.
- Infection of the lower airways. Taking vitamin A by mouth does not prevent or reduce symptoms of lower airway infections in children. Also, taking vitamin A while breast-feeding does not seem to prevent these infections in nursing infants.
- Prone to allergies and allergic reactions (atopic disease). Giving a single dose of vitamin A by mouth to infants does not seem to prevent atopy.
- Death of an unborn or premature baby. Taking vitamin A by mouth before, during, or after pregnancy does not seem to prevent infant death during the first year of life. Also giving vitamin A by mouth directly to infants doesn't seem to prevent infant death.
- Infection of the intestines by parasites. Giving a single dose of vitamin A by mouth to children taking medicine to treat intestinal parasites doesn't seem to prevent reinfection.
- The most serious type of skin cancer (melanoma). Taking a high dose of vitamin A by mouth doesn't seem to improve survival in people with melanoma.
- Miscarriage. Taking vitamin A by mouth, alone or in combination with other vitamins, before or during early pregnancy doesn't reduce the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth.
- Blood infection (sepsis). Giving vitamin A to premature infants doesn't seem to prevent sepsis.
- Tuberculosis. Taking vitamin A by mouth doesn't seem to improve symptoms or decrease the risk of death in people with this condition.
Dosing & administration
In supplements, vitamin A is available in two forms: pre-formed vitamin A (retinol or retinyl ester) and provitamin A (carotenoids). For products that contain both, only count the amount of pre-formed vitamin A to determine what is safe. Vitamin A is also available in many topical products, including creams, serums, and lotions. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition.
Interactions with pharmaceuticals
Antibiotics (Tetracycline antibiotics)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Taking very large amounts of vitamin A along with tetracyclines can increase the chance of a serious side effect called intracranial hypertension. But taking normal doses of vitamin A along with tetracyclines does not seem to cause this problem. Do not take large amounts of vitamin A if you are taking antibiotics.
Medications for skin conditions (Retinoids)
Interaction Rating=Major Do not take this combination.
Some medications for skin conditions are made from vitamin A. Taking vitamin A and these medications together could cause toxic effects.
Medications that can harm the liver (Hepatotoxic drugs)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Taking large amounts of vitamin A might harm the liver. Some medications can also harm the liver. Taking high doses of vitamin A along with a medication that can harm the liver might increase the risk of liver damage.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Warfarin is used to slow blood clotting. Large amounts of vitamin A can also slow blood clotting. Taking vitamin A along with warfarin can increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. Be sure to have your blood checked regularly. The dose of your warfarin might need to be changed.
Interactions with herbs & supplements
Interactions with foods
Products
View all products- Retinol acetate 450 µg RE equiv. vitamin A 1500 IU
- Zinc amino acid chelate 100 mg equiv. zinc 20 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 52.96 mg equiv. zinc 17 mg
- Zinc gluconate 92.86 mg equiv. zinc 13 mg
- Magnesium amino acid chelate 100 mg equiv. magnesium 20 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 20 mg equiv. pyridoxine 16.5 mg
- Retinyl acetate (Vitamin A) 200 IU equiv. retinol equivalents 59.98 RE
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 50 µg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 15 mg
- Cholecalciferol 2.5 µg equiv. vitamin D3 100 IU
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 8.27 mg equiv. vitamin E 12.1 IU
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 9.36 mg equiv. zinc 3 mg
- Passiflora incarnata ext. 5 mg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 2.5 mg equiv. thiamine 2.03 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 2.5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 6 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 5 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 4.58 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 5 mg equiv. pyridoxine 4.11 mg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 108.5 µg equiv. folinic acid 100 µg
- Biotin 100 µg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 5 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate 33.94 mg equiv. calcium 10 mg
- Chromic chloride hexahydrate 128 µg equiv. chromium 25 µg
- Ferrous fumarate 3.05 mg equiv. iron 1 mg
- Magnesium phosphate pentahydrate 50 mg equiv. magnesium 10.33 mg
- Manganese bisglycinate chelate 313 µg equiv. manganese 50 µg
- Potassium iodide 65 µg equiv. iodine 50 µg
- Lysine hydrochloride 12.5 mg equiv. lysine 10 mg
- Retinol palmitate (Vitamin A) 2.8 mg equiv. vitamin A 5000 IU equiv. retinol Equivalents 1500 µg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 16.5 mg equiv. vitamin E 20 IU
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 10 µg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 180 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 7 µg
- Zinc oxide 6.2 mg equiv. zinc 5 mg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 7.5 mg equiv. thiamine 6.1 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 21.8 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 20 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 8.5 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 10 mg equiv. pyridoxine 8.2 mg
- Calcium carbonate 100 mg equiv. calcium 41.8 mg
- Biotin 25 µg
- Magnesium oxide - heavy 30.6 mg equiv. magnesium 17.9 mg
- Manganese sulphate monohydrate 6.2 mg equiv. manganese 2 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 60 mg
- Potassium sulphate 55.8 mg equiv. potassium 25 µg
- Ferrous sulphate 16 mg equiv. iron 5 mg
- Folic acid 200 µg
- Inositol 25 mg
- Choline bitartrate 25 mg
- Retinol acetate 1.1 mg equiv. vitamin A 900 µg
- Selenomethionine 175 µg equiv. selenium 70 µg
- Zinc oxide 17.4 mg equiv. zinc 14 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 1.6 mg equiv. pyridoxine 1.3 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 12.3 mg equiv. vitamin E 14.9 IU
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 45 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 2.4 µg
- Biotin 30 µg
- Magnesium oxide - heavy 87.5 mg equiv. magnesium 50 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 16 mg
- Folic acid 400 µg
- Potassium iodide 197 µg equiv. iodine 150 µg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 1.5 mg equiv. thiamine 1.2 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 6.5 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 6 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 1.3 mg
- Calcium carbonate 250 mg equiv. calcium 100 mg
- Chromium picolinate 282 µg equiv. chromium 35 µg
- Cholecalciferol 5 µg equiv. vitamin D3 200 IU
- Copper sulphate pentahydrate 3.3 mg equiv. copper 850 µg
- Ferrous fumarate 15.7 mg equiv. iron 5 mg
- Manganese sulphate monohydrate 10.8 mg equiv. manganese 3.5 mg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 35 µg
- Lycopene 2 mg
- Retinyl palmitate (Vitamin A) 1.38 mg equiv. retinol 750 µg RE
- Sodium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 33.75 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 30 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopherol 20.12 mg equiv. vitamin E 30 IU
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 30 mg
- Oenothera biennis oil 200 mg
- Omega 3 triglycerides 60 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 10 mg equiv. pyridoxine 8.23 mg
- Cholecalciferol 10 µg equiv. vitamin D3 400 IU
- Biotin 1.25 mg
- Selenomethionine 124 µg equiv. selenium 50 µg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 37.5 mg equiv. zinc 7.5 mg
- Demineralised fish proteoglycan extract (Selachii) 125 mg
- Retinyl acetate (Vitamin A) 860 µg equiv. retinol equivalents 750 µg equiv. vitamin A 2500 IU
- Zinc amino acid chelate 125 mg equiv. zinc 25 mg
- Magnesium phosphate 122 mg equiv. magnesium 25 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 20 mg equiv. manganese 2 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 50 mg equiv. pyridoxine 41.1 mg
- Retinyl acetate (Vitamin A) 859.75 µg equiv. retinol equivalents 750 µg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 1 g
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate 21.47 mg equiv. vitamin E 15 IU
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 25 µg
- Zinc ascorbate 5 mg equiv. zinc 785 µg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 5 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 2 mg equiv. pyridoxine 1.6 mg
- Folic acid 40 µg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 2.5 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 2.29 mg
- Calcium phosphate 34.67 mg equiv. phosphorus 5.5 mg
- Potassium iodide 198.55 µg equiv. iodine 150 µg
- Magnesium carbonate 122.36 mg equiv. magnesium 29.5 mg
- Manganese gluconate 4.55 mg equiv. manganese 500 µg
- Chromium picolinate 96.52 µg equiv. chromium 12 µg
- Cysteine hydrochloride 3.5 mg
- L-aspartic acid 7 mg
- Potassium phosphate - monobasic 96.52 mg equiv. potassium 28 mg equiv. phosphorus 21.95 mg
- Total Calcium 50 mg
- Quercetin dihydrate 20 mg
- Retinol acetate 414 µg equiv. vitamin A 351 µg RE
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 77.77 mg equiv. zinc 25 mg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 50 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 19.06 mg equiv. thiamine 15 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 19.06 mg equiv. riboflavin 15 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 20 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 54.56 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 50 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 23.51 mg equiv. pyridoxine 15 mg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 271 µg equiv. folinic acid 250 µg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 500 µg
- Choline bitartrate 100 mg
- Biotin 100 µg
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate (Vitamin C) 112.08 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 100 mg equiv. magnesium 6.94 mg
- Cholecalciferol 12.5 µg equiv. vitamin D3 500 IU
- Palm tocotrienols complex (Vitamin E) 16.67 mg equiv. mixed tocopherols 5 mg
- Chromium picolinate 201 µg equiv. chromium 25 µg
- Potassium iodide 130.80 µg equiv. iodine 100 µg
- Magnesium citrate 154.67 mg equiv. magnesium 25 mg
- Selenomethionine 186 µg equiv. selenium 75 µg
- Lycopersicon esculentum ext. 15 mg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 12 mg
- Retinol palmitate 0.55 mg equiv. vitamin A 301 µg RE
- Beta-carotene (Vitamin A) 2.01 mg equiv. blakeslea trispora 10.05 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 100 mg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 150 µg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 50 µg
- Cholecalciferol 25 µg equiv. vitamin D3 1000 IU
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed (low-alpha type) 83.34 mg equiv. vitamin E 25 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 46.73 mg equiv. zinc 15 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 2.54 mg equiv. thiamine 2 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 1.32 mg equiv. riboflavin 1 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 16.38 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 15 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 12.54 mg equiv. pyridoxine 8 mg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 108 µg equiv. levomefolic acid 100 µg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 325.52 µg equiv. folinic acid 300 µg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 70 µg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 90 µg
- Manganese gluconate 8.1 mg equiv. manganese 1 mg
- Molybdenum trioxide 187 µg equiv. molybdenum 125 µg
- Potassium iodide 261 µg equiv. iodine 200 µg
- Selenomethionine 186 µg equiv. selenium 75 µg
- Lutein 7 mg
- Zeaxanthin (Carotenoids) 400 µg
- Choline bitartrate 60.17 mg equiv. choline 25 mg
- Borax 13.23 mg equiv. boron 1.5 mg
- Biotin 50 µg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 25 mg
- Retinyl acetate 206.4 μg equiv. vitamin A 175 μg RE
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 546 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 500 mg
- Zinc gluconate 57.43 mg equiv. zinc 7.5 mg
- Biotin 500 μg
- Urtica dioica ext. 93.75 mg
- Copper gluconate 2.7 mg equiv. copper 375 μg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 26.7 mg equiv. silicon 12.5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 187.5 mg
- Folic acid 125 μg
- Retinol acetate (Vitamin A) 200 µg equiv. vitamin A 582.5 IU equiv. retinol Equivalents (RE) 175 µg
- Zinc oxide 1.24 mg equiv. zinc 1 mg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 0.75 µg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 12.4 mg equiv. vitamin E 15 IU
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 2.5 µg equiv. vitamin D 100 IU
- Sodium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 11.3 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 10 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 10 mg
- Ferrous fumarate 3.8 mg equiv. iron 1.3 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate 17 mg equiv. calcium 5 mg
- Magnesium phosphate 24.2 mg equiv. magnesium 5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 6 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 125 µg equiv. manganese 12.5 µg
- Biotin 25 µg
- Potassium iodide 98.3 µg equiv. iodine 75 µg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 350 µg equiv. thiamine 284 µg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 550 µg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 650 µg equiv. pyridoxine 534 µg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 1.6 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 1.5 mg
- Folic acid 50 µg
- Retinyl acetate (Vitamin A) 200 IU equiv. retinol equivalents 60 µg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 20 µg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 10 mg
- Cholecalciferol 2.5 µg equiv. vitamin D3 100 IU
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 8.27 mg equiv. vitamin E 10 IU
- Zinc amino acid chelate 2.5 mg equiv. zinc 500 µg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 1 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 1 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 1 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 1.64 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 1.5 mg equiv. calcium 0.14 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 1 mg equiv. pyridoxine 820 µg
- Folic acid 100 µg
- Biotin 25 µg
- Sodium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 11.3 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 10 mg
- Citrus bioflavonoids extract 1 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate 17 mg equiv. calcium 5 mg equiv. phosphorous 3.9 mg
- Magnesium phosphate pentahydrate 24.2 mg equiv. magnesium 5 mg equiv. phosphorous 4.3 mg
- Ferrous fumarate 3.04 mg equiv. iron 1 mg
- Potassium iodide 98 µg equiv. iodine 75 µg
- Selenomethionine 25 µg equiv. selenium 10 µg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 125 µg equiv. manganese 12.5 µg
- Retinyl acetate (Vitamin A) 37.95 μg equiv. retinol equivalents 33 μg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 12.5 mg equiv. zinc 2.5 mg
- Tocopherols concentrate - mixed (low-alpha type) (Vitamin E) 3.9 mg
- Calcium ascorbate (Vitamin C) 7.5 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 6.18 mg
- Cholecalciferol 6.25 μg equiv. vitamin D3 250 IU
- Cucumis melo (juice) powder (Honeydew) 831 μg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 12.5 μg
- Brassica oleracea var. italica powder 250 mg
- Chromium chloride hexahydrate 515 μg equiv. chromium 100 μg
- Selenomethionine 15.625 μg equiv. selenium 6.25 μg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 12.5 mg equiv. manganese 1.25 mg
- Borax 250 μg equiv. boron 28.35 μg
- Molybdenum trioxide 14.92 μg equiv. molybdenum 10 μg
- Potassium iodide (Iodine) 32.7 μg equiv. iodine 25 μg equiv. potassium 7.7 μg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 10.92 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 10 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 10 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 6.58 mg equiv. riboflavin 5 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 6.25 mg equiv. thiamine 5.57 mg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 54.02 μg equiv. folinic acid 50 μg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 54.2 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 50 μg
- Biotin 10 μg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) 2.9 mg equiv. pyridoxine 2 mg
- Beta-carotene (Vitamin A) 800 µg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 273 µg equiv. folinic acid 250 µg
- Ferrous sulphate 15.42 mg equiv. iron 5 mg
- Potassium iodide 98.1 µg equiv. iodine 75 µg
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 1.3 µg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 9 mg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 863.5 µg equiv. thiamine 700 µg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 700 µg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 1.16 mg equiv. pyridoxine 950 µg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 17.13 mg equiv. zinc 5.5 mg
- Selenomethionine 83 µg equiv. selenium 32.5 µg
- Schizochytrium sp. (Microalgae oil) 250 mg equiv. docosahexaenoic acid 100 mg
- Cholecalciferol 6.2 µg equiv. vitamin D3 250 IU